Volume 1 - Issue 1 - DBU Journal for K-12 Educational Leadership - Page 53

Journal for K-12 Educational Leadership 51 more general disciplinary approaches, and 4) integration of TBSI with additional types of intervention efforts. The study revealed full implementation of TBSI aids in the reduction of non-aggressive, disruptive student behav- iors, thus reducing the punitive consequences of exclusion, and increasing instructional time for students. The findings suggest that there is merit in further exploring the efficacy of TBSI among campuses and districts. The information serves as a baseline for comparison for other schools and districts to self-evaluate current levels of TBSI implementation and the relationship to student disci- pline referrals. References AERD Statistics. (2013). One-way MANOVA in SPSS . Re- trieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/ one-way-manova-using-spss-statistics.php Boothe, J., Bradley, L., Flick, M., Keough, K., & Kirk, S. (1994). America’s schools confront violence. USA Today , 122 (2584). Bradshaw, C. P., Mitchell, M. M., & Leaf, P. J. (2010). Exam - ining the effects of schoolwide positive behavioral inter - ventions and supports on student outcomes. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions , 12 (3), 133-148. Colvin, G., Sugai, G., Good, R. H., & Lee, Y. (1997). Using active supervision and precorrection to improve transi- tion behaviors in an elementary school. School Psycholo- gy Quarterly 12 , 344-363. Cotton, K. (2001). Schoolwide and classroom discipline. North- west Regional Educational Laboratory. Retrieved from http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs.5.cu9.html Cregor, M. (2008). The building blocks of positive behavior. The Education Digest , 74 (7), 31-35. Crichton, N. A. (2002). Defining and assessing competence: Issues and debates. Journal of clinical Nursing , 9, 369-381. Durand, M. V., & Rost, N. (2005). Does it matter who partic - ipates in our studies. Journal of Positive Behavior Interven- tions , 7 (3), 186-188. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statis- tics . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing. Henington, C., Hughes, J. N., Cavell, T. A., & Thompson, B. (1998). The role of relational aggression in identifying aggressive boys and girls. Journal of School Psychology , 36, 457-477. Kang-Brown, J., Trone, J., Fratello, J., & Daftary-Kapur, T. (2013, December). A generation later: What we’ve learned about zero tolerance in schools. In Vera Insti- tute of Justice . Retrieved from http://www.vera.org/ sites/default/files/resources/downloads/zero-toler - ance-in-schools-policy-brief.pdf Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1998). Development of juvenile aggression and violence. American Psycholo- gist , 53 (2), 242-259. Markey, U., Markey D. J., Quant, B., Santelli, B., & Turnbull, A. (2002). Operation positive change: PBS in an urban context. J ournal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4 (4), 218-228. National School Safety Center. (2013). In S. Robers, J. Kemp, J. Truman, & T. D. Snyder (Eds.), Indicators of school crime and safety : 2012 (NO. ED-IES-12-D-0002, pp. 1-211). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education & U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs. OSEP Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavior In- terventions and Supports. (2006). Retrieved from http:// www.pbis.org/ Price, J. H., Telljohann, S. K., Drake, J. A., Marsico, L., & Zyla, C. (2002). Urban elementary school students per - ceptions of fighting behavior and concerns for personal safety. Journal of School Health , 72 (5), 184-191. Region 4 Education Service Center (2014). About us . Re- trieved from http://www.txbehaviorsupport.org/de - fault.aspx?name=about.aboutus Region 17 Education Service Center. (n.d.). TBSI On-line Training [Brochure]. Retrieved January 20, 2014, from http://www.esc17.net/users/0209/docs/PBSP2_Sen - ate%20Bill_1196.pdf Robinson, F. (2012). The effects of positive behavior interventions and support on changing the behavior of red zone students (Doctoral dissertation, Jones International University). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses data- base (UMI No. 3505018) Salkin, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of research design . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Samuels, C. A., (2013). Tensions accompany growth of PBIS