105 effectiveness and leadership success.”64 The treatment of self-awareness as an umbrella skill that can fertilize all other skills is a critical view for one attempting to engage the process of self-awareness. “Evaluating the self requires a state of attention on the self,” a focus generating a self-standard comparison allowing for internal evaluation.65 McNaughton identified practical engagement in selfawareness as “the ability to be self-critical, self-directed, and selfmotivated.”66 If one wants to engage the process of self-awareness, it requires motivation; however, self-motivation can be derived from self-awareness. This discovery could be extremely instrumental in further understanding how to engage the process of self-awareness development. Zuckerman et al. emphasized that self-awareness requires one to “find your pain point,” indicating that the quest for self-awareness can be painful as one discovers who he/she is and is not pleased with what is found.67 Engaging the process of self-awareness development can be extremely difficult and taxing. Gatling et al. remarked one must understand the dark side of personality characteristics and family of origin traits, in addition to self-feelings and negative emotions expressed in coaching and discovery circumstances.68 He used the words understanding, knowing, and recognizing to describe the action that is required. Each of these words implies engagement that cannot be avoided in the process of self-awareness development. Bergin contended this process requires “whole-person engagement” to lead to increasing self-awareness and a change in perspective or practice.69 Engaging the process is primarily driven through self-motivation; however, external motivation can be accomplished through coaching. Leaders should be those who are already self-aware and can facilitate awareness within the existing staff structure that is in existence. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The implication of the research generated is far-reaching. Factor 1: Live Humbly can be founded in self-reflection. Productive self-reflection must be done with specificity, not general reflection. However, appropriately done, self-reflection can be the most critical aspect of THE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT OF SELF-AWARENESS IN LEADERS
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