94 Ducere Est Servire: THE LEADERSHIP JOURNAL OF DALLAS BAPTIST UNIVERSITY 12 The closest exception is Barna’s research on pastoral burnout. Glen Packiam references this research on page 66 of his book The Resilient Pastor, but its emphasis on the formation of the inner man through spiritual disciplines is general rather than specific. There are, however, many studies on prayer, meditation, and mindfulness linking these spiritual practices to resilience, as noted by Southwick & Charney in Resilience: The Science of Mastering Life’s Greatest Challenges (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 82. The majority of these tend to be exploratory and phenomenological studies from a pluralistic standpoint. 13 Dallas Willard, The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives (New York, NY: Harper Collins, 1988), 119. 14 Tod Bolsinger, Tempered Resilience: How Leaders Are Formed in the Crucible of Change (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2020), 96. Commenting on the discipline of personal reflection, Tod Bolsinger provides a germane example of this relationship when he states, “Because it builds capacity for vulnerability, reflection is what enables the leader to be adaptable, and adaptable leaders are more resilient leaders.” Emphasis is the author's. 15 See Dallas Willard’s The Spirit of the Disciplines, Richard Foster’s Celebration of Discipline: The Path to Spiritual Growth, 3rd ed. (SanFrancisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 2002), and Donald S. Whitney, Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2014) 16 For example, see William C. Spohn, Go and Do Likewise: Jesus and Ethics (New York, NY: Continuum Publishing, 2006), 3. 17 With the ubiquity of naturalism and materialism, ethics has fragmented into competing views, including consequentialist, deontological and virtue-based theories. See Brian Patrick Green, "Habitus in the Roman Catholic Tradition: Context and Challenges," in Habits in Mind: Integrating Theology, Philosophy, and the Cognitive Science of Virtue, Emotional, and Character Formation, Gregory R Peterson, James Van Slyke, Michael Spezio, and Kevin Reimer, eds. (Leiden, ND: Brill, 2017), 53. 18 Southwick & Charney, Resilience, 55. 19 Gary Yukl, Leadership in Organizations (New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2018), 350. Fry and others promote spiritual leadership as a pragmatic aid that “does not need religion to be meaningful.” In this way, behaviors regarded as “spiritual” are primarily seen through a utilitarian lens that celebrates the “transcendence of self” while paying no heed to anything objectively transcendent outside of the individual’s psychological state of being. Louis W. Fry, “Toward a Theory of Spiritual Leadership,” The Leadership Quarterly 14, no. 6 (2003): 693–727.
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