59 ing problems, as well as determining when and how to complete work tasks.”22 Helping Followers Grow and Succeed means “demonstrating genuine concern for others’ career growth and development by providing support and mentoring.”23 Putting Followers First is “using actions and words to make it clear to others that satisfying their work needs is a priority.”24 Behaving Ethically involves “interacting openly, fairly, and honestly with others.”25 Measuring Desire for Servant Leadership While Liden et al.’s Servant Leadership Scale is typically used to measure the practice of servant leadership, their modified Servant Leadership Prototype Scale (SLPS) was used in a study on 409 Singaporean employees to measure their desire for servant leadership.26 Both the Servant Leadership Scale and the SLPS use seven-point Likert scales. The only variations between the two scales are the usage of “ideal supervisor” instead of “manager,” minor grammatical changes, and measurement of the desire for servant leadership instead of the perceived presence of servant leadership. Four questions corresponded with each of the seven dimensions, and their mean scores were reported.27 The SLPS was also used in a study on 329 Chinese heritage church attendees in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, with 85.7% of participants claiming full Chinese heritage and 94.4% of participants claiming to have at least one Chinese parent. The phrase “my ideal ministry leader” replaced the phrase “my ideal supervisor” for each of the questions to correspond with modifying the survey for a non-profit religious context. The mean scores for each of the seven subscales were calculated and reported. For both studies, higher scores suggested a greater preference for Liden et al.’s (2008) seven dimensions of servant leadership. Examining the means from both studies will provide insight into potential universal and cultural-specific preferences for Liden et al.’s (2008) servant leadership dimensions. Comparison of Studies’ Means Table 1 displays the mean scores for preference for Liden et al.’s servant leadership dimensions for Liden, Wayne, Wu, and Liao’s and Chao’s studies. The means are ordered from the highest to lowest scores for both studies. SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN NON-WESTERN SETTINGS
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